Human Resources :: Business Management Studies

HR Presentation Organizations enlist staff for an assortment of reasons. To know why and how choices to select staff are made, there are for the most part four motivations to why and how staff is selected. Â · If the association is enormous and need more staff to work for them, or on the off chance that the association is extending and need to enroll more staff. Â · Recruitment should be possible inside the work place changing employment in the association. Â · Vacancies can be filled in by new comers who have a superior disposition at that point the representative who resigns or who gives an abdication and so forth. Â · The remainder of every single inward advancement can be given to workers who have accomplished the objectives and ought to be climbed inside the association. For a superior encounter of its work place and to know new individuals inside its class Enlistment And Selection For a staff to be selected it is some of the time simple for an individual who has effectively carried out the responsibility as of now and it could be hard for another comer. Be that as it may to be selected into the association is here and there dubious on the grounds that numerous subtleties are seen before the individual can either be advised to want an meet if necessary. As a matter of first importance the new representative needs to make sense of what sort of division he/she needs to work in. Besides an Application Form is to be filled in demonstrating all its capability and what he is able to do. At that point the business needs to choose whether he/she is equipped for working what's more, is sent of acknowledgment or declined. During the meeting numerous questions are requested which the individual needs to rehearse for or not. The new comer is posed straightforward inquiries however needs to reply to them correctly. The business utilizes a sheet where he records the evaluations of how the representative did on his meeting. This is done over numerous new comers and on the end just one is chosen for the activity by checking whether he/she is competent at its specific employment. For the most part with there application structure numerous individuals send the CV (Curriculum Vitae) this shows all the capacities of the individual and all its past experience. Hostile to Discrimination Legislation The new comers ought to have the option to see how enlistment interviews are arranged, completed and assessed. They ought to have the option to comprehend the lawful and moral obligations identifying with equivalent openings, and know the key ramifications for enrollment of the following enactment: Equivalent Pay Act 1970 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Race Relations Act 1976 Inability Discrimination Act 1995 Expected set of responsibilities For various kinds of work Job Descriptions are given to show what

Managment Case Study Essay Example

Managment Case Study Paper 1. In our view, Pope John Paul 2 the CEO of the world’s biggest association Roman Catholic Church-is following the Goal Approach in assessing the adequacy of this immense association. As his press secretary expressed He needs things to be done, so he stresses on accomplishment of the objectives by guiding his subordinates and letting them carry out their responsibilities. 1. The Curia: It is utilizing Systems Resource Approach to gauge the viability of Church. It is worried about how they are dealt with being a significant sub-some portion of the system.Pope’s consideration gave them the feeling of direction and an inclination that adequacy relies on effective communications and reliance on others’ exercises. 1. The Parish Priest: A ward Priest is utilizing Goal Approach to gauge the adequacy of the Church. They simply accentuate on the final products. Until and except if schools, clinics and shelters are working easily and indicating results; they think Church as a substance working viably. 1. The Typical Catholic Layperson: In our view a Catholic layman assesses the Church’s adequacy by the exhibition of the clergy.A basic Catholic will simply need the Church to follow every single Catholic standard and give him/her the yield as far as direction and issue arrangement. We will compose a custom article test on Managment Case Study explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Managment Case Study explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Managment Case Study explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Q2) Describe Catholic Church’s association today. Has this structure changed under john Paul’s administration? Ans) Catholic Church association involves: It is a similar structure that was set up prior yet the primary distinction John Paul’s administration has brought is the substitution of most Italian Clergy in Curia. It has given the organization new thoughts and a total turnover. Q3) Are there different approaches to structure an association of the size of the Catholic Church?Ans) Restructuring this enormous sort of association is practically incomprehensible. Its extremely hard to adjust that more extensive range of control or to unify it. The best way to improve this structure (In my view) is to delegate groups working autonomously just to have a check and parity on the exhibition of the church without including in their obligations. Q4) What has John Paul done to improve the church’s viability? Ans) Showing his amazing administration characteristics, Pope John Paul has contributed a lot of time traveling far and wide and making his subordinates mindful of their individual obligations they needed to perform.Using Goals Approach, he has unmistakably illustrated every individual in the association the work they needed to do and has given them a feeling of direction. By including in their work, improving coordination among the individuals and taking their sources of info, he has unquestionably improved his associations adequacy. Q5) Compare and differentiation the pope’s job in the Catholic Church with the activity of corporate CEO, for example, Lee Lacocca at Chrysler enterprise. Ans) The Commonality between both the CEOs is their commitment to their work, the manner in which they comprehend their association objectives and the manner in which they need those to be achieved.Both prestigious for acquir ing a turnaround their individual associations when it was required the most. Yet, the principle differentiate in both the characters is that one is a CEO of a benefit association and the other being the leader of a strict charitable association. Both are seeking after various extreme objectives. One looks to accomplish the objective of benefit augmentation while different looks for the most extreme fulfillment of his supporters and the exacting ramifications of his religion. Both follow a similar procedure yet their space is very surprising.

Early Action Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Early Action Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Early Action Update With the Early Action deadline passing, here are a few updates about the process: Total EA Applications (10.5% increase over last year): 13,291 Complete Early Action Applications: 9,950 # of EA Applicants Applying within 3 days of Deadline: 3,523 As you can see, a large number (roughly 75%) of the Early Action applications are complete. Additionally, over 25% of the total applicant pool for EA applied right around the deadline. This means our office still digging out from under the thousands of documents, test scores, etc. we have received. We appreciate your patience as we work as quickly as possible to match documents with files. It takes our office about 5 to 10 business days to match a document with an applicants file, and with the materials submission deadline of 10/22, we are still receiving a large number of items. If your documents were submitted by this deadline, it will be considered for Early Action. We are accepting the October 11 SAT for Early Action as long as you designated UGA as a school to automatically receive your scores, and we have imported most of these today, so they should show up on the myStatus page soon. I believe we will be receiving the October 11 SAT sometime next week (the College Board site says 10/28), but make sure to give us time to receive these scores and load them into the system. Your Steps Be sure to check your myStatus to make sure you are complete! If material you have sent is not showing up on your myStatus, double-check with your counselor, College Board, etc. to make sure that it was sent. If it was sent and it has been more than 10 business days (business days do not include weekends or holidays), I would suggest either resending the document(s) or contacting us. We do not accept faxed documents, so make sure to send it electronically or by mail. Now that you have submitted your application (and it is hopefully complete), take a few minutes to relax and enjoy the fall weather and some UGA football! Go Dawgs! Early Action Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Early Action Update We will be shutting down our Status Check until Early Action decisions are ready to be released. This will affect the Status Check for all applicants, Early Action and Regular Decision first year applicants, transfers, etc. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause but it is needed in order to make admissions decisions. We are in the process of carefully consolidating and reviewing all information and documents received from roughly 11,350 Early Action freshman applicants and need to close the Status Check to do this. There is no set date at this time for Early Action decisions to go out, but we will let you know as soon as that has been determined. Please do not call, email, text, Facebook us, etc. to ask when decisions will be released as we do not know this yet. Thank you for your patience! Go Dawgs! Early Action Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Early Action Update Since we are now a few days beyond the Early Action deadline, I thought I would give everyone a few updates about the process: 2012 Early Action Applications: Approximately 10,800 Complete Early Action Applications: Approximately 6,600 Number of EA applicants without SAT/ACT (with Writing) scores: Approximately 2,500 Amount of Documents received over the past week: Approximately 1 Trillion (okay, it is really about 8,000) We are still working on matching materials to files, so please be patient, as a large volume of items came in at the last moment. If after about 10 business days between required EA admissions documents being sent or you applying (whichever one is later), the documents are still not showing up on the myStatus page, we suggest you contact us. But remember that it is business days, so do not count weekend days. We expect a large volume of SAT scores will come in over the next few days, as the October 1 scores will arrive shortly. At the same time, the College Board changed the layout of the download file this past week, so we are having to readjust our import system, so please be patient. We were just able to push in the scores, and we are updating the myStatus system, but the new scores may not show up until tomorrow (or if you did not include your SSN and correct name, next week). I had one email where a student said he requested the SAT scores to be sent earlier in the morning, and he was worried because they had not shown up yet on his myStatus page. Patience is a virtue! Thank you to all the applicants for taking the 5-10 minutes to complete the self-reported grades chart, as this has been a great asset to our office. 5-10 minutes by each student means 5-10 minutes times 10,800 applications that we will be saving in part of our process, which will help us later in our EA decision timeline. I do not have an exact date when we will be releasing EA decisions, but when I do, I will let everyone know. Make sure to check your myStatus page, your school and the testing agencies to make sure that everything has been sent to UGA. And now that the applications are submitted, take a few minutes to relax and enjoy senior year! Go Dawgs! Early Action Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Early Action Update With the Early Action deadline passing, here are a few updates about the process: Total Early Action Applications: Approximately 11,400 Complete Early Action Applications: Approximately 5,600 Number of Early Action Applicants Applying on the Deadline: Approximately 2,100 As you can see, about half of all Early Action applications are not complete. Additionally, almost a fifth of the total applicant pool for EA applied on the deadline. This means our office is receiving thousands of documents, test scores, etc. We appreciate your patience as we work as quickly as possible to match documents with files. It takes our office about 5 to 10 business days to match a document with an applicants file. As we have said before, our deadlines are postmark deadlines. If your material was submitted by the deadline, it will be considered for Early Action. We will accept the October 6 SAT for Early Action as long as you designated UGA as a school to automatically receive your scores. Be sure to check your myStatus to make sure you are complete! If material you have sent is not showing up on your myStatus, double-check with your counselor, College Board, etc. to make sure that it was sent. If it was sent and it has been more than 5 to 10 business days, please contact us. Now that you have submitted your application, take a few minutes to relax and enjoy the fall! Go Dawgs! Early Action Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Early Action Update With the Early Action deadline passing, here are a few updates about the process: Total Early Action Applications: 12,071 Complete Early Action Applications: 7,697 # of EA Applicants Applying near Deadline: 2,593 As you can see, a large number of the Early Action applications are complete. Additionally, over 20% of the total applicant pool for EA applied right around the deadline. This means our office still digging out from under the thousands of documents, test scores, etc. we have received. We appreciate your patience as we work as quickly as possible to match documents with files. It takes our office about 5 to 10 business days to match a document with an applicants file, and with the materials deadline of 10/22, we are still receiving items. If your documents were submitted by this deadline, it will be considered for Early Action. We are accepting the October 5 SAT for Early Action as long as you designated UGA as a school to automatically receive your scores, and we have imported most of these today, so they should show up on the myStatus page soon. Your Steps Be sure to check your myStatus to make sure you are complete! If material you have sent is not showing up on your myStatus, double-check with your counselor, College Board, etc. to make sure that it was sent. If it was sent and it has been more than 10 business days (business days do not include weekends or holidays), please contact us. Now that you have submitted your application (and it is hopefully complete), take a few minutes to relax and enjoy the fall weather! Go Dawgs!

HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND TYPE ERRORS Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Write a paragraph explaining which error would be more severe, and why. In my opinion, Type II error would be more severe. This is because in this case people will not buy Drug B and hence will not avail better treatment for depression when it is in fact available. In case of Type I error, People will waste money buying Drug B, when the less expensive Drug A is just as effective in treatment for depression. However, when we choose between better treatment and money, we will always go for better treatment. 6. Cough-a-Lot children’s cough syrup is supposed to contain 6 ounces of medicine per bottle. However, since the filling machine is not always precise, there can be variation from bottle to bottle. The amounts in the bottles are normally distributed with ÏÆ' = 0.3 ounces. A quality assurance inspector measures 10 bottles and finds the following (in ounces): 5.95 6.10 5.98 6.01 6.25 5.85 5.91 6.05 5.88 5.91 Are the results enough evidence to conclude that the bottles are not filled adequately at the labeled amount of 6 ounces per bottle? a. State the hypothesis you will test. The null and alternate hypotheses tested are H0: ÃŽ ¼ = 6 H1: ÃŽ ¼ ≠  6 b. We will write a custom essay sample on HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND TYPE ERRORS or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Calculate the test statistic. Sample Mean, Since, the population standard deviation, ÏÆ' is known, the test will be One-Sample Z-Test for a population (hypothesized) mean. The test statistic is c. Find the P-value. The P-value is P-value (Two-tailed) = 2(0.4522) = 0.9044 d. What is the conclusion? Fail to reject H0, as the P-value = 0.9044 > 0.05. Thus, the results are not enough evidence to conclude that the bottles are not filled adequately at the labeled amount of 6 ounces per bottle. 7. Calculate a Z score when X = 20, ÃŽ ¼ = 17, and ÏÆ' = 3.4. 8. Using a standard normal probabilities table, interpret the results for the Z score in Problem 7. The area above Z-score of 0.88 in a standard normal probabilities table is 0.1894. Thus, there is a probability of 0.1894 that an X-score will be greater than 20. Alternatively, we can say that there is a probability of 0.8106 that an X-score will be less than 20. 9. Your babysitter claims that she is underpaid given the current market. Her hourly wage is $12 per hour. You do some research and discover that the average wage in your area is $14 per hour with a standard deviation of 1.9. Calculate the Z score and use the table to find the standard normal probability. Based on your findings, should you give her a raise? Explain your reasoning as to why or why not. The probability that the hourly wage of a babysitter is below $12 is about 0.1469 (14.69%).

Benefits Of Single Sex Schools - 1004 Words

Holleman Gracie Mrs. Castleberry English III February 9, 2015 Benefits of Same-Gender Education There are many benefits of Single-Sex Schools, primarily there is a change in student development. Scientists have many theories to this concern. (â€Å"Howell†). For generations, educators have explored ways for students to evolve with personal and educational development. Each individual student has an unlike mechanism for that particular learner. Arranging students in separate classrooms will benefit not only their education, but their personal growth as well (â€Å"15 Fascinating†). Single Sex Education has been around since the 1960’s. Jacksonville, Mississippi was one of the first schools in the United States to have separate gender†¦show more content†¦Dr. Sax came to the conclusion that girls can learn better in temperatures of 75 degrees. They are fragile to changes in color and texture and prefer softer spoken voices than roaring voices. Females are not so bright in mathematics as boys are, girls tend to struggle more with numerical concepts (Howell). Dr. Leonard also discusses how single sex education helps males academically but not with behavior issues. When a boy sits for a period of time they begin to feel restless so they should be able to sit, lie on the floor or stand, whatever makes learning interesting for them the educator will see fit that their is no disruption for each individual being educated. (â€Å"Fascinating Facts†). In public schools there tend to be lower self esteem, the graduation rate is low, test scores are embarrassing (Howell). There aren t many programs in the students schedules that teach about life skills that students need to know, different cultures and common knowledge needed in the adult world . Public schools also struggle with behavior problems and students with disabilities such as a learning, or physical don’t have a strong chance at learning conventional skills that systematic students have (Howell) (â€Å"Fascinating facts†). Single Sex Education has so many benefits for students such as; higher self esteem, higher grades, social skills, time management, cleanliness, critical thinking, public speaking, writing, math etc. Students need these things that society

Definition of Some Symbols Free Essays

string(121) " the Muslim leaders continued to use a simple black, white, or green flag with no markings, writing, or symbolism on it\." Some people seem to think that the red cross which is used as a symbol by the American Red Cross and International Red Cross is a Christian symbol – and therefore that these organizations are Christian in character. I don’t know why, but these people don’t seem to realize that cross are and have been used as symbols outside of Christianity. Media Matters reports: [A]ccording to the American Red Cross website, it was â€Å"[i]n honor of the Swiss †¦ that] the symbol of a red cross on a white background (the reverse of the Swiss flag) was identified as a protective emblem in conflict areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of Some Symbols or any similar topic only for you Order Now † While the cross on the Swiss flag originated in the 1200s from â€Å"a symbol of the Christian faith,† according to the Swiss Embassy in the United States, the Red Cross makes no mention of Christianity as a reason for adopting the symbol. †¦ In addition to stating that its symbol was chosen as the reverse of the Swiss flag, the American Red Cross website adds that â€Å"[t]he Red Cross idea was born in 1859, when Henry Dunant, a young Swiss man, came upon the scene of a bloody battle in Solferino, Italy,† and that the â€Å"emblem was adopted at this first International Conference as a symbol of neutrality† at the first-ever Geneva Convention at Geneva, Switzerland, in 1864. Media Matters put up this information to explain how Bill O’Reilly was incorrect to use this as an example for why it’s wrong to remove the large Christian cross from Mt. Soledad in San Diego. O’Reilly isn’t the only person who thinks that the red cross is a Christian cross, though — that appears to be a belief held by many Muslims and why Muslim organizations use a red crescent. Vehicles with a red cross on them might be targeted as a Christian vehicle in wrong place. Thus, Christians like Bill O†™Reilly who are trying to defend Christianity are making the same mistakes as non-Christian terrorists who would like to attack Christianity. The irony of this is truly astounding. It is confusing because most people think of a â€Å"cross† as the Christian symbol, the murder weapon. The cross or plus sign on the Swiss flag is actually a symbol of the Christian faith as well so the red cross flag, a symbol which is derivative of the Swiss flag, is also a Christian symbol. The plus sign is in all aspects a cross in the religious sense and does represent a specific religion on the Swiss flag as well as the red cross symbol. I might as well be in the shape of the murder weapon itself more traditionally presented by religious people. There is a red crescent flag and a red star of David flag as well, clearly religious symbols which were made as alternatives it the Christian cross or plus sign on these flags. Identification * The red cross symbol is a four-armed cross that resembles two perfect rectangles placed to look like a cross. There is no lettering, and the symbol usually appears on a white background. Significance * The symbol is the international sign for medic. It is associated in the U. S. with the American Red Cross, a nonprofit aid agency that helps those in need, regardless of their ability to pay. History * The cross was one of many symbols used to signify medic until the introduction of firearms to battle and the increase in casualties. Henri Durant designed the red cross as we know it today after witnessing tens of thousands of soldiers left dying on the battlefield with no one to help them. As I understand it, the red cross was a symbol designed to identify medical personal during wartime – it was meant to be a symbol of protection. It is a reversal of the Swiss flag, in honour of the Red Cross founder, Henry Dunant, who was swiss. So nurses and other medical personal wore a red cross to identify themselves. Nursing was at the core of the Red Cross movement from its inception. Nowadays, the Red Cross has come to be associated with disaster relief and other humanitarian efforts. the red cross represents many things such as unity, peace, hope, and the color of our blood The crescent moon and star is an internationally-recognized symbol of the faith of Islam. The symbol is featured on the flags of several Muslim countries, and is even part of the official emblem for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The Christians have the cross, the Jews have the star of David, and the Muslims have the crescent moon, right? What is the history behind the crescent moon symbol? What does it symbolize or mean? How and when did it become associated with the faith of Islam? Is it a valid symbol for the faith? The crescent moon and star symbol actually pre-dates Islam by several thousand years. Information on the origins of the symbol are difficult to ascertain, but most sources agree that these ancient celestial symbols were in use by the peoples of Central Asia and Siberia in their worship of sun, moon, and sky gods. There are also reports that the crescent moon and star were used to represent the Carthaginian goddess Tanit or the Greek goddess Diana. The city of Byzantium (later known as Constantinople and Istanbul) adopted the crescent moon as its symbol. According to some reports, they chose it in honor of the goddess Diana. Others indicate that it dates back to a battle in which the Romans defeated the Goths on the first day of a lunar month. In any event, the crescent moon was featured on the city’s flag even before the birth of Christ. The early Muslim community did not really have a symbol. During the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Islamic armies and caravans flew simple solid-colored flags (generally black, green, or white) for identification purposes. In later generations, the Muslim leaders continued to use a simple black, white, or green flag with no markings, writing, or symbolism on it. You read "Definition of Some Symbols" in category "Papers" It wasn’t until the Ottoman Empire that the crescent moon and star became affiliated with the Muslim world. When the Turks conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453, they adopted the city’s existing flag and symbol. Legend holds that the founder of the Ottoman Empire, Osman, had a dream in which the crescent moon stretched from one end of the earth to the other. Taking this as a good omen, he chose to keep the crescent and make it the symbol of his dynasty. There is speculation that the five points on the star represent the five pillars of Islam, but this is pure conjecture. The five points were not standard on the Ottoman flags, and as you will see on the following page, it is still not standard on flags used in the Muslim world today. For hundreds of years, the Ottoman Empire ruled over the Muslim world. After centuries of battle with Christian Europe, it is understandable how the symbols of this empire became linked in people’s minds with the faith of Islam as a whole. Based on this history, many Muslims reject using the crescent moon as a symbol of Islam. The faith of Islam has historically had no symbol, and many refuse to accept what is essentially an ancient pagan icon. It is certainly not in uniform use among Muslims. Why We Look Up – Lascaux is a World Heritage Site and late Upper Paleolithic cave complex in southwestern France that belongs to the Magdalenian Culture. Lascaux’s cave paintings were made c. 15–18,000 B. C. The sophistication of the Lascaux cave paintings is extraordinary when considered against their great antiquity. Their subtlety, complexity of technique and metaphor are qualities we can immediately relate to. The full articulation of this cave art reveals a mind akin to our own. If time and language barriers could be set aside, it is very possible that Magdalenian people of the late Upper Paleolithic would understand us, and that in return we could understand them. What do these great paintings tell us? Aurochs and other large animals portrayed in Paleolithic cave art were often hunted for food. The act of painting them in a sacred cave has often been interpreted as an important element in a ritual that invoked sympathetic hunting magic. The act of a painting the animal sends a message to its spirit, that great respect is intended and that only those individuals essential for tribal survival will be hunted and killed. The spirit world and the gods are asked to ‘understand’ and not penalize the human sphere. The act of painting, the actions and protocol by which these paintings are executed, is the ritual. The finished painting is a record of the ceremony. It is a static reminder of the bond between the spirit world and humankind and of the obligations each ‘world’ owes to the other. We do not know if these great animal paintings were prayed to. We do not know if Paleolithic religion venerated and prayed to icons. Read more at http://www. environmentalgraffiti. com/sciencetech/what-the-lascaux-cave-paintings-tell-us-about-how-our-ancestors-understood-the-stars/15506#r9dA81UrDttvubS6. 99 What do these great paintings tell us? Aurochs and other large animals portrayed in Paleolithic cave art were often hunted for food. The act of painting them in a sacred cave has often been interpreted as an important element in a ritual that invoked sympathetic hunting magic. The act of a painting the animal sends a message to its spirit, that great respect is intended and that only those individuals essential for tribal survival will be hunted and killed. The spirit world and the gods are asked to ‘understand’ and not penalize the human sphere. The act of painting, the actions and protocol by which these paintings are executed, is the ritual. The finished painting is a record of the ceremony. It is a static reminder of the bond between the spirit world and humankind and of the obligations each ‘world’ owes to the other. We do not know if these great animal paintings were prayed to. We do not know if Paleolithic religion venerated and prayed to icons. At the beginning and end of time, all the ‘worlds’ are integrated and melded into an indescribable whole and ‘oneness’. This final and beginning state of reality is the adamantine bliss of yoga and Buddhist cosmology as typified by the god Brahma. It is often created by the cosmic dance of the multi-armed Shiva. It is everything and nothing, timeless and beyond words. Read more at http://www. environmentalgraffiti. com/sciencetech/what-the-lascaux-cave-paintings-tell-us-about-how-our-ancestors-understood-the-stars/15506#r9dA81UrDttvubS6. 99 Lascaux – Hall of Bulls / panorama Norbert Aujolat – CNP/MCC This is the deep layer of meaning in many Paleolithic cave paintings that goes beyond sympathetic hunting magic. This is a multidimensional, mythological layer whose journey in the millennia to follow will connect with Stonehenge as a future article shall discuss. This deeper layer is also metaphysical and mathematical, and relates to the adamantine oneness of Vedic, Hindu and Buddhist cosmology. The complexity of mind revealed in late Upper Paleolithic cave art is akin to that expressed much later in history by ancient Vedic philosophers whose art form was Sanskrit poetry. Mathematical aspects in late Upper Paleolithic mythopoetics derived from observational astronomy. Some cave paintings recorded an understanding of the path the moon takes around the sun – the ecliptic. An understanding of the ecliptic leads to the discovery of the zodiac, the annual path of the sun through the celestial sphere. A construct for the zodiac then follows, in which it is divided into twelve sections later known as ‘houses’. Stars, moons and planets in Upper Paleolithic culture are not the stars, moons and planets of modern astrophysics that we know. They are deities whose habitat is the Milky Way and the celestial sphere. Mathematics is art, as Plato knew well. If the annual journey of the sun, moon, visible planets and some very bright stars can be tracked and recorded with enough precision to enable accurate prediction, then the human ‘world’ has understood a great deal about the gods. We are no longer passive because we know where these celestial entities go during their year’s sojourn and what those journeys portend for life on earth. The gods do not travel alone, nor are they unconcerned about human welfare. We are their acolytes and worshipers, and the only beings that can nourish the gods. We are the only sentient beings beside the gods themselves. This is not a child’s game where Paleolithic astronomer-shaman-priests looked into the night sky to find the silhouettes of familiar animals in the geometrical arrangement of stars in the night sky. We can be fairly confident that star gazing at night was not frivolous. It was a search for realities that were believed to exist. What might be those truths? These early artifacts and cave paintings reveal a deep conviction that there was a spirit world inhabited by deities, and that some or all of that ‘universe’ was above us and was celestial. Another portion of the universe was below, an ‘underworld’ that was the antithesis of the celestial. The ‘world of the gods’ was not chaotic. Observational astronomy was the premier empirical science of the time. Astronomer-priests discovered that the ‘world’ of the gods was multidimensional and precisely organized by number and time. Pattern through time, provides consistency, a belief in structure and the possibility for prediction down the time track of the future. Look up, think and perhaps the manifestations of several deities can be seen, if they wish that to be seen by humans. When the Late Paleolithic astronomer-priests found the gods in the heavens, they confirmed that the gods do wish to be seen by us, that their celestial form is recognizable and stable, and does not change from night to night. Dr. Michael Rappengluck of the University of Munich has long believed that Magdalenian Culture of the late Upper Paleolithic in Europe looked at the night sky and ‘saw’ the Milky Way. They also discerned several bright, prominent arrangements of stars which could be described and integrated into a mythology. These arrangements of stars were the first constellations to intrude into human culture. Organized into a celestial landscape that winds its way through the Milky Way and upon which the Sun will travel, the earliest Zodiac had been found and mapped. As Plato said about mathematics, it is not an invention of human genius. It has always been there, waiting to be discovered. Lascaux – Two Aurochs / Taurus, Scorpio Photo – Prof saxx / Wikipedia The two aurochs that face each other were aligned with arrangements for the constellations of Taurus and Scorpio. They also correspond to the rising and setting opposition of two fixed stars: a) Aldebaran, which is the eye of the bull in the constellation Taurus; and b) Antares which is in Scorpio. Understand that there are several aurochs depicted on the cave walls in the Hall of the Bulls, but only one depiction of the constellation Taurus the Bull. Why do the Bulls predominate, why is Taurus the dominant constellation? Taurus is not the Solar God unless we make him so. The eye of the auroch that is Taurus is the supergiant star Aldebaran in the center of the constellation. The open star cluster Hyades encircles, and the Pleiades is above, the shoulder of Taurus. Culture would be the behaviour – context would be anything else eg climate, geography, raw materials and technology available. So smoke signals would reflect a culture and the fact that on open plains you can see such signalling.. Cave paintings are the root of traditional illustration, one the earliest of which has been in recent news, a ‘faint red dot’ dated to more than 40,000 years ago. These were discovered in 11 caves in Spain, and results show that they are at least 15,000 years older than we first thought. It raises many questions; What are they trying to say? Who made it? Is it symbolic? Who was it made for? No matter what the answers are, illustration is a means for people to convey information, a means of visual communication. The purpose of these cave paintings are unknown, and we can only speculate as to their actual purpose. A time well before printing press, but the value of visual communication has lasted through the ages. One thing that is for sure is it was some sort of communication via visual aids, they had a purpose and had something to say. As you understand from the title, this blog is going to be about the History of Visual Communication Design, that actually had started many many years ago†¦ First of all, visual communication means, â€Å"the communication of ideas throufh the visual display of information. Primarily associated with two dimensional images, it includes: art, signs, photography, typography, drawing fundamentals, colour and electronic resources. Recent research in the field has focused on web design and graphically oriented usability. It is part of what a graphic designer does to communicate visually with the audience. † (from http://www. citrinitas. com) History of Visual Communication Design has actually started with the paintings on rocks and caves in Europe with Cro-Magnons, who form the earliest known European examples of Homo-sapiens. It is known that they are descending from populations of the Middle-East and lived from about 40,000 to 10,000 years ago in the Paleolithic period of the Pleistocene epoch. Cro-Magnons were anatomically modern. They are only different with their partly stronger physiology and brains that have larger capacity than that of modern humans. After they arrived in Europe (about 40,000 years ago), they brought sculpture, painting, body ornamentation, engraving, music and decoration of utilitarian objects, there. Tools that were survived by Cro-Magnons comprise of huts (small dwelling), carvings, cave paintings and antler-tipped spears (weapons). By the way, antler means horn of animals in the deer family, so we know that they used to hunt animal not only for food, but to make weapons, too. The remains also suggest that these people knew how to make woven clothing. More over their huts were constructed of rocks, bones, clay, branches and animal fur. It is possible that Cro-Magnons have created the first calender around 15. 000 years ago, with their knowledge of painting pictures with manganese and iron oxides. Cave Paintings â€Å"Cave or rock paintings are paintings painted on cave or rockwalls and ceilings, usually dating to prhistoric times. Rock paintings are made since the Upper Paleolithic, 40,000 years ago. It is widely believed that the paintings are the work of respected elders or shamans. † They mostly used to draw/paint large wild animals, like bisons, aurochs, horses, deers and tracing of human hands. Of caurse they have depicted abstract forms, too. † (from http://www. citrinitas. com) Researchers think that cave art may have How to cite Definition of Some Symbols, Papers

Teachings of Buddha and Consumerism

Our modern life is overwhelmed by a culture of consumerism whose effects are far reaching to all people. This culture has led to many people trying to affirm their self identity and seek happiness by engaging in extensive consumption of products. To fuel this need for goods, more products are continuing to flood the market so as to sate our seemingly unquenchable thirst for products. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teachings of Buddha and Consumerism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The ancient teachings of Buddha offer some insights into how this culture can be taken into perspective and even broken. This paper will analyze the Four Noble Truths as offered by Buddha so as to ascertain if these truths can be used to overcome the bondage of materialism that has consumed modern man. The teachings of Buddha were considered as a raft through which man would be able to move from his current position of discontent to a farther shore of content. The â€Å"Four Noble Truths† are principles that are fundamental to the Buddhist philosophy. The first noble truth states that â€Å"Life means suffering†. This truth points to the inevitability of man to avoid physical pain and misery over his lifetime. It also reveals that there are positive experiences which man experiences in his lifetime. Buddha affirms that these positive experiences are temporal and they pass away with time. The culture of constantly consuming products is mostly in a bid to find true happiness. However, the teachings of Buddha rightfully state that this is only a temporal consolation. Through Buddha’s teachings, we can see that suffering is inevitable and therefore not something to try to avoid at whatever costs. The second Noble Truth states that â€Å"The origin of suffering is attachment†. As such, suffering is seen as springing from our desires, passions and clinging to objects that we hold dear. B uddha declares that since the objects of our affection are only temporal we cause ourselves great pain when we loss them. With this in mind, people should avoid attaching too much to their material possessions since they are temporal. By doing this, people can save themselves from heart ache that comes from the loss that inevitably follows. The third truth claims that â€Å"the cessation of suffering is attainable†. As such, man is not without a means by which he can alleviate his suffering that Buddha attributes to his earthly attachments. Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, this teaching prescribes a different path to terminating suffering from the one that our modern culture applies. While our culture emphasis attainment of wealth and power as the only means through which suffering can be contained, Buddha reveals that suffering can be removed by the human act of detaching ourselves from our previous attachments. In conclusion, Buddha also offers a solution to the problem of suffering that man has. This is in the Forth Noble truth which proposes a balance between self over-indulgence and self-mortification which involves denying yourself off everything. This is the balance that man must try to attain so as to avoid the ills that the culture of consumerism brings. This means that people should not altogether disengage from their consumption. Instead, moderation needs to be exercised so as to bring about peace of mind as well as avoid the wastage that over indulgence in consumerism causes. This paper set out to assess the relevance of Buddha’s teachings in light of the over indulgence in consumerism that people face in the current age. It has been discovered that the teachings of Buddha can be used to reduce this culture since these teachings clarify that the problem that man tries to solve through overconsumption of products canno t be solved by this means. It is my belief that by applying these teachings of Buddha, the â€Å"cycle of self-identity through materialistic consumerism† can be broken. This essay on Teachings of Buddha and Consumerism was written and submitted by user Zackary Warren to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.